Bibliography

Original Sources

Abdullah, Tarikh-i-Daudi, Bankipore Ms. Text, ed. by S.A. Rashid, Aligarh.

Abdul Hamid Lahori, Badshah Nama, Bib. Ind., 2 vols., Calcutta, 1898.

Abdul Haqq Dehelvi, Akhbar-ul-Akhiyar, Delhi, 1309 H.

Abdur Razzaq, Mutla-us-Sadain, trs. in E and D, IV. Also see Major under foreign Travellers� Accounts.

Abul Fazl, Allami, Ain-i-Akbari, 3 vols., Vol. I trs. by H. Blochmann and ed. by D.C. Phillot, Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1939; Vol. II trs. by H.S. Jarret and annotated by Jadunath Sarkar, A.S.B., Calcutta, 1939; Vol. III, trs. by Jarret and Sarkar, Calcutta, 1948.

Abul Fazl, Allami, Akbar Nama, Bib. Ind. Text, 3 vols., English trs. by Henry Beveridge, Calcutta, 1948.

Afif, Shams Siraj, Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1890.

Ahmad Yadgar, Tarikh-i-Salatin-i-Afghana, Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1936.

Ain-ul Mulk Multani, Qasaid Badr Chach, Kanpur, n.d.

Alberuni, Abu Raihan Muhammad., Alberuni�s India, Eng. trs. by Edward Sachau, 2 vols., Trubners Oriental Series, Kegan Paul, London, 1910.

Al Biladuri, Futuh-ul-Buldan (written 9th cent. C.E.), trs. in E and D, Vol. I.

Al Istakhri, Kitab-ul-Aqalim (written C.E. 951), trs. in E and D, Vol. l.

Al Kufi, Chach Nama, trs. in E and D, I. Also by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg, Karachi, 1900, Delhi reprint, 1979.

Al Masudi, Muruj-ul-Zuhab (written C.E. 941), trs. in E and D, I.

Al Qalqashindi, Subh-ul-Asha, trs. by Otto Spies as An Arab Account of India in the 14th century, Aligarh, 1935.

Ali Muhammad Khan Bahadur, Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Calcutta, 1928; English trs. by Lokhandvala, 2 vols., Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1965.

Amin Qazvini, Bashah Nama, Ms. Raza Library, Rampur.

Amir Khurd, see Kirmani.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Deval Rani, Aligarh, 1917.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Tughlaq Nama, ed. by Hashim Faridabadi, Aurangabad, 1933.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Ghurrat-ul-Kamal, published by Yasin Ali, Delhi.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Khazain-ul-Futuh, see Habib under Modern Works.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Mutla-i-Anwar, Lucknow, 1884.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Aijaz-i-Khusravi, 5 parts, Lucknow, 1876.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Miftah-ul-Futuh, Aligarh Text, 1954.

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Afzal-ul-Favaid (compilations of conversations of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya), Persian Text, Rizvi Press, Delhi, 1305 H.; Urdu trs. in Silsila-i-Tasawwuf No. 81, Allah Wale Ki Dukan, Kashmiri Bazar, Lahore.

Babur, Zahiruddin Muhammad, Babur Nama or Tuzuk-i-Baburi, trs. from Turki by Mrs. A.S. Beveridge, 2 vols., Luzac & Co., London, 1922; trs. from the Persian version by John Leyden and William Erskine as Memoirs of Babur, London, 1926.

Badaoni, Abdul Qadir Ibn-i-Muluk Shah, Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh, ed. by Ahmad Ali, Persian Text, Bib. Ind., 3 vols., Calcutta, 1864-67; English trs. by George S.A Ranking, A.S.B., Calcutta, 1898.

Baihaqi, Khwaja Abul Fazl, Tarikh-i-Subuktgin (written 1089 C.E.), trs. in E and D, II.

Bakhtawar Khan, Mirat-i-Alam (written 1078 H / 1666 C.E.), trs. in E and D, VII.

Barani, Ziyauddin, Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1864.

Barani, Ziyauddin, Fatawa-i-Jahandari, English trs. by Afsar Begum and Mohammad Habib, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, 1960.

Barani, Ziyauddin, Sana-i-Muhammadi, trs. in Medieval India Quarterly, Vol. I, pt. III.

Bihamad Khani, Muhammad, Tarikh-i-Muhammadi, British Museum Ms. Rotograph copy in Allahabad University Library, English trs. by Muhammad Zaki, Aligarh, 1972.

Chandrabhan Brahman, Guldasta, Sir Sulaiman Collection Ms. No. 666 / 44, Aligarh Muslim University Library.

Devalsmriti, published by Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, Poona; English trs. by M.N. Roy in Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society, 1927.

Dhuniraj, Girvan-Vanmanjari (written 1702-04 C.E.), Text ed. by U.P. Shah, Baroda, 1960.

Fakhr-i-Mudabbir, Tarikh-i-Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, ed. by Sir Denison Ross, London, 1927.

Fakhr-i-Mudabbir, Adabul Harb wa Shujaat, Photocopy British Museum, Add. 1653; Hindi trs. in Rizvi, Adi Turk Kalin Bharat.

Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, Urdu trs., Nawal Kishore Press, 3 vols. Lucknow.

Farishtah, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah, Gulshan-i-Ibrahimi, also known as Tarikh-i-Farishtah, Persian Text, Nawal Kishore Press, Lucknow, 1865.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq, Fatuhat-i-Firoz Shahi, Aligarh, 1954.

Hamid Qalandar, Khair-ul-Majalis (compilation of conversations of Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh Dihli), Text ed. by K.A. Nizami.

Hajiuddabir, Zafar-ul-Wali bi Muzaffar Wali, An Arabic History of Gujarat, ed. by Sir Denison Ross, 3 vols., London, 1910, 1921.

Hasan Nizami, Taj-ul-Maasir, trs. by S.H. Askari in Patna University Journal (Arts), Vol.18, No.3, 1963. Also in E and D, II.

Hidaya Kitab al Siyar wail Jihad, Mujtabai Press, Delhi, 2 vols., 1331, 1332

H. Also see Hamilton under Modern Works.

Ibn Battuta, The Rehla of Ibn Battuta, English trs. by Agha Mahdi Husain, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1953. Abridged Translation by H.R.A. Gibb, Broadway Travellers Series, London, 1929. French trs. as Ibn Batoutah�s Voyages, ed. by C. Defremery and B.R. Sanguinetti, Paris, 1857.

Ibn Hauqal, Ashkalal-ul-Bilad (written 976 C.E.), trs. in E and D, I.

Ibn-ul-Asir, Shaikh Abul Hasan Ali, Kamil-ut-Tawrikh (written 12th century C.E.), trs. in E and D, II.

Idrisi, Nuzhat-ul-Mushtaq (written 12th century C.E.), trs. in E and D, I.

Isami, Khwaja Abdullah Malik, Futuh-us-Salatin, ed. by Agha Mahdi Husain, Educational Press, Agra, 1938.

Jahangir, Nuruddin Muhammad, Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri or Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir, trs. by Rogers and Beveridge, Delhi reprint, 1968. See also Price for Tarikh-i-Salim Shahi.

Jaisi, Malik Muhammad, Padmavat, ed. by R.C. Shukla, Indian Press, Allahabad, 1935.

Jamali, Maulana Hamid Ibn Fazlullah, Siyar-ul-Arifin, Rizvi Press, Delhi, 1311 H.

Jauhar, Tazkirat-ul-Waqiat, trs. by C. Stewart, Indian reprint, 1972.

Kalhana, Rajatarangini, trs. by M.A. Stein, Westminister, 1900.

Kamboh, Muhammad Saleh, Amil Saleh, Bib. Ind., 3 vols., Calcutta, 1923, 1927, 1939.

Kanz-ul-Mahfuz (written 1150 H.), trs. in E and D, VIII.

Khafi Khan Muhammad Hashim, Muntakhab-ul-Lubab, ed. by Kabir-ud-din Ahmad, Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1869, 1925.

Kirmani, Saiyyad Muhammad Mubarak, also known as Amir Khurd, Siyar-ul-Auliya, Muhibbul Hind Press, Delhi, 1309 H.11891 C.E.; Urdu trs. by Allah Wale ki Dukan, Silsila-i-Tassawuf No.130, Kashmiri Bazar, Lahore, n.d.; Urdu trs. by Aijaz-ul-Haqq Quddusi, Seema Offset Press, Jama Masjid, Delhi, 1985.

Mamuri, Abul Fazl, Tarikh-i-Aurangzeb, continuation of Sadiq Khan�s Shahjahan Nama. B.M. Or. 1671.

Minhaj Siraj Jurjani, Tabqat-i-Nasiri, Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1864; English trs. by Major H.R. Raverty, London, 1881.

Mir Masum, Tarikh-i-Masumi also called Tarikh-i-Sind, ed. by Daudpota, Bhandarkar Oriental Institute, Poona, 1938.

Muhammad Aslam, Farhat-un-Nazirin (written 1770-71 C.E.), trs. in E and D, VIII.

Muhammad Bihamad, see Bihamad

Muhammad Sharif Hanafi Mojlis-us-Salatin, trs. in E and D, VII.

Muhammad Ufi, Jami-ul-Hikayat, trs. in E and D, II.

Mustaad Khan, Saqi, Maasir-i-Alamgiri, trs. and annotated by Jadunath Sarkar, Calcutta, 1947.

Niamatullah, Makhzan-i-Afghana, trs. by Nirodbhushan Roy as History of the Afghans, Santiniketan, 1958. Also B. Dorn�s trs., 2 parts, London, 1829-36.

Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tabqat-i-Akbari, Bib. Ind., 3 vols., Calcutta, 1927-35. Also trs. by B. De.

Nizamuddin Auliya, Rahat-ul-Qulub, Urdu trs., Allah Wale ki Dukan, Lahore.

Nizamul Mulk Tusi, Siyasat Nama, ed. by Shefer, Tehran.

Nurul Haqq, Zabdul-Tarwrikh (written about dose of Akbar�s reign), trs. in E and D, VI.

Padmanabh, Kanhadade Prabandh, translated and annotated by V.S. Bhatnagar, Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi, 1991.

Price, Major David, trs. of Tarikh-i-Salim Shahi under the title of Memoirs of the Emperor Jahangir, written by himself, London, 1829; Indian edition, Bangabasi Press, Calcutta, 1906. Also see, Price under Modern Works.

Qazvini, see Amin.

Ranking, see Badaoni.

Razi, Amin Ahmad, Haft Aqlim, ed. by H. Hatley, Abdul Muqtadir and M. Mahfuzul Haq, Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1939.

Reynolds, see Utbi

Rizqullah Mushtaqi, Waqiat-i-Mushtaqi, Photo copy of the British Museum Ms. Ad. 11633.

Salim, Ghulam Husain, Riyaz-us-Salatin, ed. by Abdul Haqq Abid, Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1890-98; English trs. by Abdus Salam, Calcutta, 190204.

Sarwani, Abbas, Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi, trs. in E and D, IV.

Shah Nawaz Khan, Samsam-ud-daula, and his son Abdul Hayy, Maasir-ul-Umara, trs. by H. Beveridge and Baini Prasad, 3 vols., Calcutta, 1911-14.

Shihabuddin al Umri, Masalik-ul-Absar fi Mumalik-ul-Amsar (written in middle of 14th century), trs. in E and D, III; Hindi trs. in Rizvi, Tughlaq Kalin Bharat.

Sijzi, Amir Hasan Ala, Favaid-ul-Fvad, being conversations of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya, Nawal Kishore Press, Lucknow, 1302 H., Delhi, 1856 ; Urdu trs. by Ghulam Ahmad Khan Biryan, Manzoor Book Depot, Bulbuli Khana, Delhi, 1984.

Sirat-i-Firoz Shahi, Anonymous, Photostat Ms. in Bankipore Library. Extract trs. by K.K. Basu under the title of Firoz Tughlaq and His Bengal Campaign in the Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Vol. XXVII. Extract of Text and English trs. in J.R.A.S., Vol. VIII, 1942.

Sikandar bin Muhammad, Mirat-i-Sikandari, Bombay, 1308 H.

Sujan Rai, Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh, ed. by Zafar Hasan, Delhi, 1918.

Timur, Amir, Malfuzat-i-Timuri, trs. in E and D, III.

Utbi, Abu Nasr Muhammad, Kitab-i-Yamini, trs. by James Reynolds, London, 1858. Also in E and D, II.

Vidyapati, Kirtilata, Indian Press, Allahabad, 1923.

Wassaf, Abdullah, Tajziat-ul-Amsar wa Tajriyat-ul-Asar, also called Tarikh-i-Wassaf (written 1327 C.E.), Bombay, 1877.

Yahiya Sarhindi, Tatikh-i-Mubarak Shahi, Bib. Ind., Text edited by M. Hidayat Husain, Calcutta, 1931; English trs. by K.K. Basu, Baroda, 1932.

Yazdi, Sharafuddin, Zafar Nama, 2 vols., Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1885-88.

Zakaria al Qazvini, Asar-ul-Bilad (written 13th century C.E.), trs. in E and D, I.

Foreign Travellers' Accounts

Barbosa, Duarte, The Book of Duarte Barbosa, 2 vols., Hakluyt Society, London, 1918-21.

Bernier, Francois, Travels in the Mogul Empire (1656-1668), revised by V.A. Smith, Archibald Constable, Oxford, 1934.

De Laet, John, The Empire of the Great Mogol, trs. by Hoyland and Banerjee, Bombay, 1928.

Della Valle, The Travels of Pietro Della Valle in India, trs. by Edward Grey, 2 vols., Hakluyt Society, London, 1892.

Du Jarric, Akbar and the Jesuits, see Payne.

Finch, William, see Foster

Foster, William, Early Travels in India (1583-1619), contains narratives of Fitch (pp.1-47), Mildenhall (pp.48-59), Hawkins (pp.60-121), Finch (pp.122-87), Withington (pp.188-233), Coryat (pp.234-87) and Terry (pp.288-322), London, 1927.

Foster, William, English Factories in India (1618-69), 13 vols., Oxford, 1906-27.

Hakluyt, Richard, Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, Glasgow, 1903-05.

Heber, Reginald, Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, Second ed., 3 vols., London, 1828.

Ibn Battuta, see under Original Sources

Major, R.H., India in the Fifteenth Century (contains extracts from narratives of Nicolo Conti, Santo Stefano, etc.), Hakluyt Society, London, 1857.

Manrique, Travels of Frey Sebastian Manrique, trs. by Eckford Luard, 2 vols., Hakluyt Society, London, 1927.

Manucci, Niccolao, Storia do Mogor, trs. by W. Irvine, 4 vols., John Murray, London, 1906.

Marco Polo, see Yule

Mundy, Peter, Travels of Peter Mundy in Asia, ed. by R.C. Temple, Hakluyt Society, London, 1914.

Payne, C.H., Akbar and the Jesuits, contains in trs. Du Jarric�s account of the Jesuit Missions to the Court of Akbar, London, 1926.

Pelsaert, Francisco., Jahangir�s India, trs. by W.H. Moreland and P. Geyl, Cambridge, 1925.

Tavernier, Travels in India, trs. and ed. by V. Ball, London, 1925.

Terry, Edward, A Voyage to East India, London, 1655.

Thevenot, Indian Travels of Thevenot and Careri, ed. by Surendra Nath Sen, New Delhi, 1949.

Varthema, The Itinerary of Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna, ed. by Sir Richard Temple, London, 1928.

Yule, Sir Henry, and H. Cordier, The Book of Ser Marco Polo, 2 vols., New York, 1903.

Modern Works

Abdul Karim, Social History of Muslims in Bengal, Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Dacca, 1959.

Acton, Lord, The Study of History, Macmillan & Co., London, 1905.

Aghnides, Nicholas P., Muhammadan Theories of Finance, New York, 1916.

Ahmad Shah, Bijak of Kabir, Hamirpur, 1917.

Alberuni, A.H., Makers of Pakistan and Modern Muslim Indians, Muhammad Ashraf Publishers, Lahore.

Ambashtya, B.P., Biographical sketch of Badaoni in reprint edition of Abdul Qadir Badaoni�s Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh, trs. by S.A. Ranking, reprinted by Academia Asiatica, Patna, 1973.

Arnold, T.W, The Preaching of Islam, Westminister, 1896.

Arnold, T.W, The Caliphate, London, 1924.

Arnold, T.W., and Guillaume A., eds., The Legacy of Islam, Oxford, 1931.

Ashraf, Kunwar Muhammad, Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan, A.S.B. journal, Calcutta, 1935.

Askari, S.M., A Study of the Rare Ms. of Sirat-i-Firoz Shahi in Journal of Indian History, Vol. LII, April, 1974.

Aziz Ahmad, Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment, Oxford, 1964.

Bashir Ahmad, M., Administration of Justice in Medieval India, Aligarh, 1941.

Beale, T.W., Oriental Biographical Dictionary, London, 1910.

Beni Prasad, A History of Jahangir, Third ed., Allahabad, 1940.

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, see Majumdar, R.C.

Bhatnagar, V.S., see Padmanabha under Original Sources.

Biswas, Satya Krishna, Banshasmriti (Bengali), Calcutta, 1926.

Bosworth, C.E., The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran, 994-1040, Edinburgh University Press, 1963.

Brown, Percy, Indian Architecture (Islamic Period), Third ed., Taraporevala, Bombay, n. d.

Burnes, Sir Alexander, Travels into Bokhara, together with a Narrative of a Voyage on the Indus, 3 vols, Karachi reprint, 1973.

(The) Cambridge History of India, Cambridge University Press.
     Vol. I, ed. by E. J. Rapson, Cambridge, 1922.
     Vol. III, ed. by Wolseley Haig, Delhi reprint, 1958.
     Vol. IV, ed. by Richard Burn, Cambridge 1937.
     Vol. V, ed. by H.H. Dodwell, Delhi reprint, 1963.

Caroe, Sir Olaf, The Pathans, Macmillan & Co., London, 1958.

Chaturvedi, Parasuram, Sant Kavya, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, 1952.

Crone, Patricia and Cook, Michael, Hagarism: The Making of Islamic World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1977.

Crooke, William, Tribes and Castes of North Western Provinces and Oudh, Calcutta, 1896.

Cunningham, Alexander, Coins of Medieval India, London, 1894, Varanasi reprint, 1967.

Currie, P.M., The Shrine and Cult of Muin-d-din Chishti of Ajmer, Oxford, Delhi, 1989.

Day, U.N., Medieval Malwa, Delhi, 1965.

Denison Ross, Islam.

Digby, Simon, War Horse and Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate, Orient Monographs, Oxford, 1971.

Devahuti, �Significance of Contemporary Dharma-Shastras and Indigenous Historical Literature for study of Hindu-Muslim Encounter in Early Middle Ages� in Historical and Political Perspectives, Indian History and Culture Society, Books and Books, New Delhi, 1982.

Devendra Swarup (ed.), Politics of Conversion, Deendayal Research Institute, New Delhi, 1986.

Dorn, Benhard, History of the Afghans, being trs. of Makhzan-i-Afghana, Oriental Translation Fund, London, 1829.

Durant, Will, The Story of Civilization, Vol. I, Our Oriental Heritage, New York, 1972.

Easton, Stewart C., The Heritage of the Past, Rinehart and Co., New York, 1957.

Eaton, Richard Maxwell, Sufis of Bijapur (1300-1700), Princeton, 1978.

Elliot, H.M. and Dowson, J., History of India as told by its own Historians, 8 vols., London, 1867-77; Vol. II, Aligarh reprint, 1952.

Elphinstone, Mountstuart, The History of India, 2 vols., London, 1843.

Encyclopaedia Britannica

Encyclopaedia of Islam, Luzac & Co., 1913-38.

Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, 1949 reprint.

Faruki, Zahiruddin, Aurangzeb and His Times, Delhi reprint, 1980.

Forbes, A.K., Rasmla, ed. by G.H. Rawlinson, Oxford, 1924.

Forbes, James., Orient Memoirs, 2 vols., 2nd ed., London, 1934.

Francklin, W., A History of the Reign of Shah-Aulum, first published 1798, Allahabad, 1915.

Fuhrer and Smith, The Sharqi Architecture of Jaunpur, Calcutta, 1889.

Gazetteers, Imperial and Provincial Series.

Gazetteers of Alwar, Trubner & Co., London, 1878.

Gibb, H.R.A., Mohammedanism: A Historical Survey, Oxford University Press, London, 1949.

Gibbon, Edward, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 2 vols., Everymans Library ed., n. d.

Gokhale, B.C., �The Merchant Community in the 17th century India�, Journal of Indian History, Trivandrum, Vol. LIV, 1976.

Gopal Krishna, �Nation Building in Third World�, series of four articles in The Times of India, New Delhi, 26-29 December, 1988.

Greetz, Clifford, Islam Observed (Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia), University of Chicago Press, 1971.

Grunebaum, Gustav E. von, Medieval Islam, Chicago, 1946.

Guillaume, A., Islam, Penguin Books, 1954.

Guillaume, A., The Life of Muhammad, Oxford, 1958.

Guillaume, A., see also Arnold.

Habib, Mohammad, Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznin, Delhi reprint, 1951.

Habib, Mohammad, Some Aspects of the Foundation of the Delhi Sultanate, K.M. Ashraf Memorial Lecture, Delhi, 1966.

Habib, Mohammad, Campaigns of Alauddin Khilji, being trs. of Amir Khusrau�s Khazain-ul-Futuh, Bombay, 1933.

Habib, Mohammad, �Chishti Mystic Records of the Sultanate Period�, in Medieval India Quarterly, Aligarh, Vol. I, No. 2.

Habib, Mohammad, Introduction to E and D, II, Aligarh, 1951.

Habib, Mohammad, �Shaikh Nasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh-i-Dehli�, in Islamic Culture, April, 1946.

Habib, Mohammad, Review of G. N. Sharma�s Social Life in Medieval Rajasthan, in Medieval India, A Miscellany, Vol. II, Aligarh, 1972.

Habib, Mohammad, Collected Works, entitled Politics and Society During Early Medieval Period, edited by K.A. Nizami, Vol. I, 1974; Vol. II, 1981.

Habibullah, A.B.M, The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India, Revised ed., Allahabad, 1961, first published, Lahore, 1945.

Hall, D.C.E., A History of South-East Asia, Macmillan & Co., London, 1955.

Hallam, The Middle Ages, fifth ed., London, 1829.

Hamilton, Charles, trs., Hidayah, 4 vols., London, 1791.

Harsh Narain, Myths of Composite Culture and Equality of Religions, Voice of India, New Delhi, 1991.

Havell, E.B., History of Aryan Rule in India, London, 1918.

Hazard, H.W., Atlas of Islamic History, Princeton, 1954.

Herklots, see Jafar Sharif.

Hitti, P.K., The Arabs: A Short History, Macmillan & Co., London, 1948.

Hitti, P.K., History of the Arabs, London, 1951.

Hodivala, S.H, Studies in Indo-Muslim History, Bombay, 1939.

Hughes, T.P., Dictionary of Islam, W.H. Allen & Co., London, 1885.

Ibn Hasan, The Central Structure of the Mughal Empire, London, 1936.

Indian Antiquary.

Indian Historical Quarterly.

Indian History Congress Proceedings.

Indian Heritage, Vol. 1, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1955.

India�s Minorities, Publications Division, Government of India, New Delhi, 1948.

Ira Maryin Lapidus, Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages, Cambridge, Mass., 1967.

Ishwari Prasad, A History of the Qaraunah Turks in India, Vol. I, Indian Press, Allahabad, 1936.

Ishwari Prasad, History of Medieval India, Fourth impression, Allahabad, 1940.

Ivanow, W., Brief Survey of Evolution of Ismailism, Bombay, 1942.

Jafar Sharif, Islam in India or the Qanun-i-Islam, trs. by G.A. Herklots, ed. by William Crooke, London, 1875, 1921.

Journal of the (Royal) Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Kane, P.V., History of Dharmashastra, 5 vols., Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1946-1968.

Karim, A.K. Nazmul, �Muslim Social Classes in East Pakistan� in Changing Society in India and Pakistan, Universtiy of Dacca, 1956.

Kennedy, Melville T., The Chaitanya Movement, Calcutta, 1925.

Kennedy, Pringle, A History of the Great Mughals, Calcutta, 1905, 1911.

Khan, Abdul Majid, �Research about Muslim Aristocracy in East Pakistan� in Pierre Bessaignet (ed.) Social Research in East Pakistan, Dacca, 1960.

Khan, M.S., �The Life and Works of Fakhre Mudabbir� in Islamic Culture, April, 1977.

Khazan Singh, The History and Philosophy of Sikhism.

Khuda Bakhsh, Essays, Indian and Islamic, London, 1927.

Khuda Bakhsh, Orient under the Caliphs, Calcutta, 1921.

Kincaid, C.A. and Parasnis, D.B., A History of the Maratha People, 2 vols., Oxford, 1922.

Kolf, Dirk H.A., Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy: The ethnohistory of the military labour market in Hindustan (1450-1850), Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Lach, Donald F., Asia in the Making of Europe, Vol. I, Bks I and II, Chicago University Press, Chicago, 1965.

Lal, K.S., History of the Khaljis, New Delhi, 1980, first published 1950.

Lal, K.S., Twilight of the Sultanate, New Delhi, 1980, first published, 1963.

Lal, K.S., Studies in Medieval Indian History, Ranjit Publishers, Delhi, 1966.

Lal, K.S., Growth of Muslim Population in Medieval India, Research Publications in Social Sciences, New Delhi, 1973.

Lai, K.S., The Mughal Harem, Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi, 1988.

Lal, K.S., Early Muslims in India, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1984.

Lal, K.S., Indian Muslims: Who Are They, Voice of India, New Delhi, 1990.

Lal, K.S., �The Ghaznavids in India�, in Bengal Past and Present, Sir Jadunath Sarkar Birth Centenary Number, July-December, 1970.

Lal, K.S., �Striking Power of the Army of the Sultanate' in the Journal of Indian History, Vol. LV, Pt. III, December, 1977.

Lamb, Harold, Tamerlane the Earth Shaker, Thornton, London, 1929.

Lanepoole, Stanley, Medieval India under Muhammadan Rule, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1926, first published, 1903.

Lapidus, see Ira Marvin.

Levy, Ruben, The Social Structure of Islam, Cambridge, 1957.

Levy, Ruben, The Baghdad Chronicle, Cambridge, 1929.

Logan, W., Malabar, Madras, 1951.

Lokhandvala, S.T. (ed.), Indian and Contemporary Islam, Simla, 1971.

Macauliffe, Max Arthur, The Sikh Religion, Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors, 6 vols., Oxford, 1909.

Macpherson, History of European Commerce in India, London, 1812.

Mahdi Husain, Tughlaq Dynasty, Thacker Spink & Co. Calcutta, 1963.

Mahdi Husain, Shah Namah-i-Hind or trs. of Isami�s Futuh-us-Salatin, 3 vols., Aligarh, 1976-77.

Majumdar, R.C, Raychaudhuri, H.C., and Datta, K.K., An Advanced History of India, Macmillan & Co. London, 1958.

Majumdar, R.C. (ed.), The Classical Age, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1954.

Majumdar, R.C. (ed.), Struggle for the Empire, Bombay, 1957.

Majumdar, R.C. (ed.), The Delhi Sultanate, Bombay, 1960.

Majumdar, R.C., �Study of Indian History�, in Journal of the Bombay Branch of Asiatic Society, 1957.

Manzur-ul-Haqq Siddiqi, Maasir-ul-Jadad, al-Maktaba al Saifia, Shish Mahal Road, Lahore, 1964.

Margoliouth, D.S., Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, London, 1905, Indian reprint, 1985.

Marx, Karl, Economy, Class and Social Revolution, trs. and ed. by Z.A. Jordan, Nelson Paperback, 1972.

Mathur, Rakesh, �Hindu Origins of Romani Nomads�, in Hinduism Today, Malaysia edition, August, September, 1990.

Mazumdar, B.P, The Socio-Economic History of Northern India (1030-1194 A.D.), Calcutta, 1960.

Misra, B.B., The Indian Middle Classes, Oxford, 1961.

Misra, S.C., Muslim Communities in Gujarat, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1964.

Misra, S.C., The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat, Bombay, 1963.

Mitra, R.C., The Decline of Buddhism in India, Visvabharati, 1954.

Modern Cyclopaedia, 8 vols.

Moreland, W.H., India at the Death of Akbar, Macmillan, London, 1920.

Moreland, W.H., From Akbar to Aurangzeb, Macmillan, London, 1923.

Moreland, W.H., The Agrarian System of Moslem India, London, 1929.

Morris-Jones, W.H., The Government and Politics of India, New Delhi, 1989.

Moses, Angelo, �Cow-protection in Mughal India�, in The Modern Review, Calcutta, May, 1948.

Muhammad Abdul Shakur, Aslah-i-Mewat, Sadar Bazar, Delhi, 1925.

Muhammad Aziz Ahmad, Political History and Institutions of the Early Turkish Empire of Delhi (1206-1290 A.D.), New Delhi, 1949,1972.

Mujeeb, M., The Indian Muslims, George Allen and Unwin, London, 1967.

Mukerjee, Radhakumud, A History of Indian Shipping, Orient Longmans, 1957.

Mukerjee, Radhakumud, Economic History of India (1600-1800), Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, 1967.

Murray, HJ.R., A History of Chess, Oxford, 1913.

Naqvi, Hamida Khatoon, Urbanisation and Urban Centres under the Great Mughals, 1556-1707, Simla, 1971.

Naqvi, Hamida Khatoon, Agricultural, Industrial and Urban Dynamics under the Sultans of Delhi, New Delhi, 1986.

Nazim, M., The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, Cambridge, 1931.

Nigam, S.B.P., Nobility under the Sultans of Delhi, New Delhi, 1967.

Nizami, K.A., Some Aspects of Religion and Politics in India during the Thirteenth Century, Aligarh, 1961.

Nizami, K.A., Shah Waliullah ke Siyasi Maktubat, reproduced in English translation in Khalid bin Sayeed�s Pakistan : The Formative Phase, Pakistan Publishing House, Karachi.

Ojha, Gauri Shankar Hirachand, Udaipur ka Itihas, Ajmer, 1928-32.

Ojha, Gauri Shankar Hirachand, Madhya Kalin Bharatiya Sanskriti, Hindustani Academy, Allahabad, 1928.

Orme, Robert, A History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan, 3 vols., Fourth ed., London, 1803.

Phillips, C.H. (ed.), Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon, London, 1961.

Price, Major David, Memoirs of the Principal Events of Muhammadan History, 3 vols., London, 1921. Also see Price under Original Sources.

Pochhammer, Wilhelm von., India�s Road to Nationhood: A Political History of the Sub-Continent, trs. by S.D. Marathe, Allied Publishers, Bombay, 1961.

Qanungo, K.R., Historical Essays, Agra, 1968.

Qureshi, Ishtiaq Hussain, The Muslim Community in the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent, Monton & Co., �S Gravenhage, 1962.

Qureshi, Ishtiaq Hussain, Administration of the Sultanate of Delhi, Fifth ed, New Delhi, 1971, first published, Lahore, 1942.

Rabbi, Dewan Fazle, The Origin of the Muhammdans of Bengal, Thacker Spink & Co., Calcutta, 1895.

Ram Gopal, Indian Muslims: A Political History (1858-1947), Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1959.

Ram Swarup, Understanding Islam through Hadis, Indian reprint, New Delhi, 1983.

Ramanayya, N. Venkata, The Third Dynasty of Vijayanagar, University of Madras, 1935.

Ranade, M.C., Rise of Maratha Power, Publications Division reprint, New Delhi, 1961.

Rao, R.P., Portuguese Rule in Goa, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1963.

Raverty, H.C., Notes on Afghanistan, London, 1886. Also see Minhaj under Original Sources.

Ray, Sukumar, Humayun in Persia, The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1948.

Report of the Indian Historical Records Commission, Vol. V., 1923.

Risley, H.H., The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Bengal Secretariat Press, Calcutta, 1891.

Rizvi, Saiyyad Athar Abbas, Muslim Revivalist Movements in North India in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Agra Universtiy, Agra, 1965.

Rizvi, Saiyyad Athar Abbas, Religious and Intellectual History of the Muslims in Akbar�s Reign, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1975.

Rizvi, Saiyyad Athar Abbas, A History of Sufism in India, 2 vols., 1978, 1983.

Rizvi, Saiyyad Athar Abbas, Adi Turk Kalin Bharat, Aligarh, 1965.

Rizvi, Saiyyad Athar Abbas, Tughlaq Kalin Bharat, 2 parts, 1956, 1957.

Rizvi, Saiyyad Athar Abbas, Uttar Timur Kalin Bharat, Part II, Aligarh, 1959.

Saksena, Banarsi Prasad. History of Shahjahan of Delhi, Second Impression, Allahabad, 1961.

Saran, Parmatma, Provincial Government of the Mughals, Kitabistan, Allahabad, 1941.

Saran, Parmatma, Studies in Medieval Indian History, Ranjit Publishers, Delhi, 1952.

Saran, Parmatma, Resistance of Indian Princes to Turkish Offensive, Sita Ram Kohli Memorial Lectures, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1967.

Sarkar, Jadunath, History of Aurangzeb, 5 vols., Calcutta, 1912-25.

Sarkar, Jadunath, Fall of the Mughal Empire, 4 vols., Third ed., Calcutta, 1964.

Sarkar, Jadunath (ed.), Later Mughals by Irvine, 2 vols., Calcutta, 1921-22.

Sarkar, Jadunath, History of Bengal, 2 vols., Dacca, 1948.

Sarkar, Jadunath, A Short History of Aurangzeb, Calcutta, 1930.

Sarkar, Jadunath, The Mughal Administration, Orient Longmans, 1972.

Sarkar, Jadunath, Military History of India, New Delhi, 1960.

Sen, D.C., Chaitanya and His Age, Calcutta,, 1922.

Sen, D.C., History of Bengali Language and Literature, Calcutta University, Calcutta, 1911.

Sen, Sukumar, Bangla Sahityer Itihasa, Calcutta, 1940.

Sender, Henry, The Kashmiri Pandits: A Study of Cultural Choice, Oxford University Press, 1988.

Sewell, Robert., A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar), Publications Division reprint, New Delhi, 1966.

Sharma, Arvind., �The Arab Invasion of Sind, A Study in Divergent Perspectives,� Indian History and Culture Society Proceedings, ed. by Devahuti, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1982.

Sharma, Dashrath, Presidential Address, Proceedings of Rajasthan History Congress, Udaipur session, 1969.

Sharma, G.N., Mewar and the Mughal Emperors, Agra, 1954.

Sharma, Sri Ram, The Religious Policy of the Mughal Emperors, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1962.

Sharma, Sri Ram, Conversion and Re-conversion to Hinduism, D.A.V. College Historical Series, No. 2, n. d.

Sharma, S.R., The Crescent in India, Hind Kitabs Ltd., Bombay, 1954.

Sherwani, H.K. Mahmud Gawan, Kitabistan, Allahabad, 1942.

Sherwani, H.K. The Bahmanis of the Deccan, Hyderabad, n. d.

Singhal, D.P., India and World Civilization, 2 vols., Rupa & Co., Delhi, 1972.

Singhal, D.P., �Battle for the Past� in Problems of Indian Historiography, ed. by Devahuti, Indian History and Culture Society, D.K. Publishers, Delhi, 1979.

The Legacy of Muslim Rule in India