Pune is 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan plateau. It is on the leeward side of theSahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from the Arabian Sea. It is a hilly city, with its highest hill, Vetal Hill, rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. Just outside the city, the Sinhagad fort is at an altitude of 1,300 m. It lies between 18° 32" North latitude and 73° 51" East longitude.
Central Pune is at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha Rivers. The Pavana and Indrayani Rivers, tributaries of the Bhima River, traverse the northwestern outskirts of metropolitan Pune.
Seismology[edit]
Pune lies very close to the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam, about 100 km (62 mi) south of the city, and has been rated in Zone 3 (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes) by the India Meteorological Department. Pune has experienced some moderate- and many low-intensity earthquakes in its history.
Earthquakes felt in Pune with a magnitude of more than 3.0 are listed below.
| Year | Date | Magnitude | Epicentre |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 17 May 2004 | 3.2 | Katraj Region, Pune, Maharashtra[45] |
| 2008 | 30 July 2008 | 4.2 | Koyna Dam, Koynanagar, Maharashtra[46] |
| 2012 | 14 April 2012 | 4.9 | Satara district, Maharashtra[47] |
Parts of Pune City[edit]
The city of Pune can be divided into the following zones:
| Zone | Neighbourhood | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Old City | The 17 Peths (burroughs, formerly markets or settlements) of Pune | These were established and developed during theMaratha rule and Peshwaadministration, and are referred to as the old city. |
| New City – Inner District | Shivajinagar, Deccan Gymkhana, Erandawane, Kothrud, Prabhat Road, and Law College Road in the west; Camp, Bund Garden, and Koregaon Park in the east;Swargate, Parvati Hill, Sahakarnagar, Mukund Nagar, Maharshi Nagar, Gultekdi, and Salisbury Park to the south. | Bounded on the north by the Mula-Mutha river. |
| New City – Outer District | Khadki, Aundh and Ganeshkhind in the northwest; and Paud Road in the west; Dattawadi, Anandnagar, and Sahakarnagar in the southwest; Lullanagar in the southeast; Yerwada, Wadgaon Sheri, Chandan Nagar, Kalyani Nagar, and Shastri Nagar, in the northeast; Vishrantwadi in the north; Ghorpadi,Fatimanagar, Wanowrie, and Hadapsar South to the east. | Several educational institutes are located in the Kothrud, Nagar Road, Bund Garden Road neighbourhoods. |
| Inner Suburbs | Baner, Balewadi, and Pashan in the northwest; Bavdhan, Karve-Nagar, andWarje in the west; Wadgaon Budrukh in the southwest; Katraj, Khed Shivapur, Wanawadi, NIBM, Lullanagar, Kondhwa, Undri, and Mohammadwadi in the southeast; Wagholi, Kharadi, Viman Nagar, and Mundhwa in the east; Dhanori and Kalas to the north. | Kharadi and Hadapsar are home to large IT parks. |
| Proposed Expansion | Mahalunge, Sus, Bavdhan Budrukh, Kirkatwadi, Pisoli, Lohegaon, Kondhwe Dhavde, Kopare, Nande, Uttam Nagar, Khadakwasla, Sadesatra Nali, Manjri, Narhe, Shivane, Ambegaon Khurd, Undri, Dhayari, Ambegaon Budruk, Urali Devachi, Mantarwadi, Holkarwadi, Authade (Handewadi), Wadachiwadi, Shiwalewadi, Phursungi, and Yeolewadi | 28 new villages are to be merged in PMC limits[48] |
North Western Suburbs (administered by PCMC).
| Zone | Neighbourhood | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pimpri and its surroundings | Pimpri industrial area, Pimprigaon, Chikhli,Kalewadi, Kasarwadi, Phugewadi, and Pimple Saudagar | Pimpri industrial area, and other residential areas, are included in this zone. Pimple Saudagar has become a new hub of residential areas because of its proximity to Hinjewadi IT Park. |
| Chinchwad and its surroundings | Chinchwadgaon, Thergaon, Tathawade | Industrial and residential area |
| Dapodi and its surroundings | Old Sangvi, Wakad, Hinjawadi, Pimple Nilakh,Pimple Gurav, and New Sangvi | IT Industrial area in Hinjawadi; other areas are residential. The Rajiv Gandhi Information technology (IT) park is in the Hinjawadi area. |
| Bhosari and its surroundings | Bhosari, Moshi, Dighi, Dudulgaon and Charholi Budruk | Industrial areas are at Moshi and Dighi; others are residential areas |
| Nigdi, Akurdi and its surroundings | Akurdi, Nigdi, Ravet, Talawade | Residential area. IT parks are in the Talawade area |
Climate[edit]
The climate of Pune has changed during the past 3 decades, especially since the rapid expansion of the industrial belts. Pune has a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) bordering with tropical wet and dry (Aw) with average temperatures ranging between 19 to 33 °C (66 to 91 °F).
Pune experiences three seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter.
Typical summer months are from March to June often extending till 15 June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). The warmest month in Pune is between 20 April and 20 May; although summer doesn't end until May, the city often receives heavy dusty winds in May (and humidity remains high). Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature ever recorded was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) on 30 April 1897.[49]
The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). Most of the 722 mm (28.43 in) of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are not unheard of in this region.
Winter traditionally begins in November; November in particular is referred to as the Rosy Cold (literal translation) (Marathi: गुलाबी थंडी) which can be experienced typically during the festive season of Diwali. The daytime temperature hovers around 26 °C (79 °F) while night temperature is below 9 °C (48 °F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 5 to 6 °C (41 to 43 °F). The lowest temperature ever recorded was 1.7 °C (35 °F) on 17 January 1935.[50]
| [hide]Climate data for Pune | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.3 (95.5) | 38.9 (102) | 42.8 (109) | 43.3 (109.9) | 43.3 (109.9) | 41.7 (107.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.0 (95) | 36.1 (97) | 37.8 (100) | 36.1 (97) | 35.0 (95) | 43.3 (109.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) | 32.8 (91) | 36.0 (96.8) | 38.1 (100.6) | 37.2 (99) | 32.1 (89.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.5 (81.5) | 29.3 (84.7) | 31.8 (89.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 29.6 (85.3) | 32.0 (89.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.7 (85.5) | 27.4 (81.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.0 (77) | 22.3 (72.1) | 20.2 (68.4) | 24.7 (76.46) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 11.4 (52.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 16.5 (61.7) | 20.7 (69.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 20.7 (69.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 14.7 (58.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 18.0 (64.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) | 3.9 (39) | 7.2 (45) | 10.6 (51.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 18.9 (66) | 17.2 (63) | 13.2 (55.8) | 9.4 (48.9) | 4.6 (40.3) | 3.3 (37.9) | 1.7 (35.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0 (0) | 0.5 (0.02) | 5.3 (0.209) | 16.6 (0.654) | 40.6 (1.598) | 116.1 (4.571) | 187.2 (7.37) | 122.3 (4.815) | 120.1 (4.728) | 77.9 (3.067) | 30.2 (1.189) | 4.8 (0.189) | 721.7 (28.413) |
| Average precipitation days | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 12.8 | 10.6 | 7.4 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 49.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 56 | 46 | 36 | 36 | 48 | 70 | 79 | 82 | 78 | 64 | 58 | 58 | 59.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 291.4 | 282.8 | 300.7 | 303.0 | 316.2 | 186.0 | 120.9 | 111.6 | 177.0 | 248.0 | 270.0 | 288.3 | 2,895.9 |
| Source #1: Temperature and Precipitation: IMD (1951-1980) [51][52] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Sun hours and Humidity: NOAA (1971–1990)[53] | |||||||||||||
